JERA Launches World's First 20% Ammonia Substitution Test at Hekinan Power Station

Japan's prominent energy provider, JERA, made headlines on Monday with the initiation of a groundbreaking demonstration at its Hekinan thermal power station in central Japan. This trial involves the co-firing of 20% ammonia with coal, marking a significant milestone as the world's first large-scale experiment utilizing ammonia at a major commercial plant. Originally slated to commence on March 26, the trial experienced a brief delay of approximately one week to ensure comprehensive safety measures, including rigorous equipment testing and preparatory procedures.

The primary objective of this trial is to propel Japan, the world's fifth-largest emitter of CO2, closer to its ambitious carbon neutrality target by 2050. This endeavor explores the potential of incorporating ammonia and hydrogen into thermal power generation processes. Despite these intentions, environmental organizations have raised concerns, characterizing the initiative as a strategy to extend the lifespan of coal-fired power plants known for their detrimental environmental impact. Over the course of approximately three months, JERA, in collaboration with heavy machinery manufacturer IHI, will meticulously evaluate various aspects of the plant's performance, including nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and the effects on boilers and auxiliary equipment.

Ammonia, a key component of this trial, is primarily produced using hydrogen derived from natural gas and nitrogen extracted from the atmosphere. Unlike traditional fuels, ammonia combustion does not result in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions; however, emissions are generated during its manufacturing process if fossil fuels are utilized. JERA underscored the versatility of ammonia as an efficient and cost-effective medium for hydrogen transportation and storage. Furthermore, ammonia can be directly utilized as a fuel in thermal power generation processes. This project holds significant promise as it represents an economically viable initial step towards accelerating decarbonization efforts, particularly in countries like Japan where thermal power generation plays a vital role in ensuring a stable energy supply.

Looking ahead, JERA has ambitious plans to transition towards commercial ammonia co-firing at its Hekinan No.4 unit as early as 2027. Additionally, the company intends to conduct a trial involving the replacement of 50% of coal with ammonia at its No.5 unit around 2028. These strategic initiatives underscore JERA's unwavering commitment to advancing sustainable energy solutions and aligning with Japan's ambitious climate objectives.

The genesis of JERA traces back to the merger of the fuel and thermal power divisions of Tokyo Electric Power Company and Chubu Electric Power Company. The establishment of JERA aimed to create a formidable global energy player capable of competing on the international stage. Furthermore, the company sought to ensure a reliable supply of competitively priced energy while concurrently enhancing corporate value.